Stephen F. Austin State University

100.

Preparation for General Chemistry - Designed for the students whose marginal background in chemistry would not allow them to succeed in CHE 133. Review of basic math and chemistry principles for students deficient or insecure in these areas. Topics covered will include, but will not be limited to, scientific calculations, atomic structure and the periodic table, gas laws, and reaction stoichiometry. Recommended for all students who wish to enroll in CHE 133, but who do not meet the prerequisites or did not have high school chemistry. Note this course does not meet any requirements for any degree.

111.

Introductory Chemistry I (CHEM 1305) - Introduction to the principles and concepts of chemical thought. Co-requisite: CHE 111L. Prerequisite: eligibility for MTH 138.

111L.

Introductory Laboratory I (CHEM 1105) - One semester hour, two hours lab per week. Introductory laboratory experiments. Co-requisite: CHE 111. Lab fee required.

112.

Introductory Chemistry II (CHEM 1307) - Elementary organic and biochemical systems. Prerequisites: CHE 111 and 111L. Co-requisite: CHE 112L.

112L.

Introductory Laboratory II (CHEM 1107) - One semester hour, two hours lab per week. Introductory organic laboratory experiments. Prerequisites: CHE 111 and 111L. Co-requisite: CHE 112. Lab fee required.

125.

Introductory Physical Science - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, two hours lab per week. Presents introductory concepts in physics and chemistry. Seamless combination of content and interactive lectures with hands-on laboratory exercises to give both conceptual and kinetic understanding of physical science principles. Not open to students who have received credit in PHY 125. This course is designed for education majors only and will not satisfy graduation requirements for any other major. Co-requisite: CHE 125L.

133.

General Chemistry I (CHEM 1311) - Atomic and molecular structures, stoichiometry, gas laws, and thermodynamics. Co-requisite: CHE 133L. Prerequisite: MTH 138 or concurrent enrollment.

133L.

General Laboratory I (CHEM 1111) - One semester hour, three hours laboratory per week. Spectroscopy, quantitative experiments. Co-requisite: CHE 133. Lab fee required.

134.

General Chemistry II (CHEM 1312) - Equilibrium, kinetics, redox, descriptive chemistry and radiochemistry. Prerequisites: CHE 133, 133L and MTH 138. Co-requisite: CHE 134L.

134L.

General Laboratory II (CHEM 1112) - One semester hour, three hours laboratory per week. Kinetics, spectrophotometry, quantitative/qualitative experiments. Prerequisites: CHE 133 and 133L. Co-requisite: CHE 134. Lab fee required.

231.

Quantitative Analysis - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Analytical applications of solution chemistry. Prerequisites: CHE 134 and 134L. Lab fee required.

241.

Inorganic Chemistry - Fundamental concepts of the descriptive inorganic chemistry of the elements. Prerequisites: CHE 134 and 134L. Co-requisite: CHE 241L.

241L.

Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory - One semester hour, three hours lab per week. Study of syntheses and reactions of inorganic chemistry. Prerequisites: CHE 134 and 134L. Co-requisite: CHE 241. Required lab fee.

271.

Special Topics in Chemistry - Special studies in chemistry. May be repeated once on a different topic. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor.

271L.

Special Topics Lab - One semester hour, three hours laboratory per week. Special studies in chemistry laboratory techniques. May be repeated once on a different topic. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor. Required lab fee.

275.

Supervised Problems - One to four semester hours. Individual study and/or laboratory research. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. Pass-fail grading.

276.

Supervised Problems - One to four semester hours. Continuation of CHE 275. Individual study and/or laboratory research. Prerequisite: permission of instructor. Pass-fail grading.

302.

Fundamental Applications of Chemistry - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, two hours lab per week. Presentation of the applications of chemistry and chemical principles to everyday life with an emphasis on hands-on investigations. May not be used to meet graduation requirements by a student majoring/minoring in the College of Science and Mathematics. Prerequisites: CHE 111, CHE 125 or PHY 125 or consent of instructor. Required lab fee.

320.

Chemical Concepts - Review of fundamentals of chemistry as related to teaching. Does not count toward a major or minor in chemistry. Prerequisite: eight hours of chemistry.

321.

Applied Chemical Concepts - Fundamentals of laboratory safety and stockroom management/design. Prerequisite: CHE 231.

330.

Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry - Comprehensive one semester course for students requiring only one semester of organic. Prerequisites: CHE 134 and 134L. Co-requisite: CHE 330L.

330L.

Fundamentals of Organic Lab - One semester hour, three hours of lab per week. Synthesis and characterization of organic compounds. Prerequisites: CHE 134 and 134L. Co-requisite: CHE 330. Required lab fee.

331.

Organic Chemistry I - Development of organic chemistry for chemistry majors, minors and pre-health professionals. Prerequisites: CHE 134 and 134L. Co-requisite: CHE 331L.

331L.

Organic Laboratory I - One semester hour, four hours of lab per week. Synthesis and characterization of organic compounds. Prerequisites: CHE 134 and 134L. Co-requisite: CHE 331. Required lab fee.

332.

Organic Chemistry II - Continuation of CHE 331. Prerequisites: CHE 331 and 331L. Co-requisite: CHE 332L.

332L.

Organic Laboratory II - One semester hour, four hours lab per week. Continuation of 331L. Prerequisites: CHE 331 and 331L. Co-requisite: CHE 332. Required lab fee.

337.

Physical Chemistry I - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Laws, principles and theories concerning the structure of matter as related to properties. Prerequisites: CHE 231 and MTH 234. Required lab fee.

338.

Physical Chemistry II - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Continuation of CHE 337. Prerequisite: CHE 337. Required lab fee.

420.

Environmental Chemistry - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Chemical processes involved in the environment. Prerequisites: CHE 231 and 330 or 331. Required lab fee.

441.

Advanced Inorganic Chemistry - Reactions and structures of inorganic molecules and ions are studied. Prerequisite: CHE 337.

442L.

Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory - One semester hour, three hours laboratory per week. The preparation and characterization of inorganic compounds. Prerequisite: CHE 441 or concurrent enrollment. Lab fee required.

443.

Instrumental Analysis - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Spectrochemical and electrochemical methods of analysis. Prerequisites: 231 and 337. Required lab fee.

452.

Comprehensive Biochemistry I - Structure, function and chemical aspects of proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates; enzyme kinetics, mechanism/regulation of enzymes; introduction to metabolism; carbohydrate metabolism. Prerequisites: CHE 330 or 331.

452L.

Comprehensive Biochemistry I Laboratory - One semester hour, three hours of lab per week. Purification and characterization of biomolecules. Prerequisites: CHE 330L or 331L and CHE 452 or concurrent enrollment. Required lab fee.

453.

Comprehensive Biochemistry II - Continuation of Comprehensive Biochemistry I; study of the structure, function, chemistry and metabolism of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids; control of metabolic pathways, interrelationships of metabolic pathways; bioenergetics; current issues relating metabolism to medicine and health. Prerequisite: CHE 452.

454.

Biochemical Techniques - Three semester hours, one hour lecture, six hours lab per week. A capstone course for the biochemistry major that allows the student to obtain practice in biochemical techniques. Prerequisites: CHE 452L and CHE 453 (or concurrent enrollment). Lab fee required.

455.

Advanced Organic Chemistry - Continuation of CHE 331-332, emphasizing spectroscopic methods and advanced topics. Prerequisite: CHE 332.

470.

Seminar - One semester hour. Written and oral reports. Individual instruction. May be repeated for a total of four credit hours. Prerequisite: CHE 337.

471.

Advanced Special Topics - One to four semester hours. Special studies in chemistry. May be repeated once on a different topic. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor.

471L.

Advanced Special Topics Lab - One semester hour, three hours laboratory per week. Special studies in chemistry laboratory techniques. May be repeated once on a different topic. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor. Lab fee required.

475.

Advanced Supervised Problems - One to four semester hours. May be repeated for a total of four hours credit. Undergraduate only. Individual study and/or laboratory research. Prerequisite: consent of the instructor. Pass-fail grading.

476.

Advanced Supervised Problems - One to four semester hours. May be repeated for a total of four hours credit. Undergraduates only. Individual study and/or laboratory research. Prerequisite: consent of the instructor. Pass-fail grading.

480.

Industrial Internship - Practical work in an industrial setting for a minimum of eight weeks under the joint guidance of a practicing chemist and SFA faculty member. May be repeated for credit if content differs. Prerequisite: permission of the department chair and instructor. Pass-fail grading.

481.

Laboratory Internship - Three semester hours, one hour lecture, four hours lab per week. Teaching experience in undergraduate chemistry laboratory, including maintenance, laboratory preparation, grading and assistance of students in laboratory experience under the direct supervision of faculty mentor. May be repeated for credit if content differs. Prerequisite: permission of the department chair and instructor. Pass-fail grading.

121.

Concepts of Biology - Four semester hours, three hours lecture per week, two hours laboratory per week. Concepts-oriented course for the non-science major. Study of the origin of life, the cell, growth and reproduction, genetics, and evolution. May not be used to meet graduation requirements by students majoring in the College of Sciences and Mathematics or for certification of high school teachers in biology. Required lab fee. Prerequisites: TSI complete in English and reading.

123.

Human Biology - Four semester hours, three hours lecture per week, two hours laboratory per week. Biological principles for non-science majors. Study of the evolution of man, organ systems and the human organism. May not be used to meet graduation requirements of students majoring in the College of Sciences and Mathematics or for certification of high school teachers in biology. Required lab fee. Prerequisites: TSI complete in English and reading.

130.

Principles of Cell and Molecular Biology - Three semester hours, three hours lecture per week. An introductory cell biology course. Topics include the structure of the cell and cell components, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic. The processes of DNA replication and gene expression, including protein processing and routing. Photosynthesis, respiration and chemotrophy as means of energy production. The cell cycle and its regulation.

131.

Principles of Botany (BIOL 1411) - Four semester hours, three hours lecture per week, two hours lab per week. Introduction to the fundamental principles of botany and the plant sciences. Topics include the study of plant form, function and reproduction, and an overview of plant diversity, including bryophytes, ferns and seed plants. Required lab fee.

133.

Principles of Zoology (BIOL 1413) - Four semester hours, three hours lecture per week, two hours lab per week. Fundamental principles of animal life, including invertebrate and vertebrate animals. Required lab fee.

220.

Medical Terminology - Three semester hours, three hours lecture per week. Covers the highly specialized and specific medical terms used in the health care professions, providing explanations of terms, clinical procedures and abbreviations. Prerequisites: BIO 130, 133 or 238.

225.

Local Flora - Three semester hours, two hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Field and laboratory studies of common local ferns, conifers and wildflowers. Recommended for biology and non-biology majors. Required field trips, travel fee and lab fee.

238.

Human Anatomy and Physiology I (BIOL 2401) - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Structure and function of the skeletal, muscular and nervous systems, including sense organs. Not open to students who have received credit for BIO 327. Not open for credit for biology majors or minors. Required lab fee.

239.

Human Anatomy and Physiology II (BIOL 2402) - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Structure and function of the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, endocrine and reproductive systems. Not open to students who have received credit for BIO 327. Not recommended for biology majors or minors. Prerequisite: successful completion of BIO 238. Required lab fee.

275.

Special Problems - Individual study and/or laboratory research conducted under the supervision of a biology faculty member. Variable credit one to three hours. May be repeated for a maximum of three credit hours toward a degree plan.

300.

Contemporary Biology - Three semester hours, three hours lecture per week. Survey of biological principles and their application to the contemporary newsworthy problems as they apply to the biological future of man. Variable topics, such as recent advances of medicine, the population explosion, world food problems, environmental pollution, genetic engineering, epidemics and natural disasters. Maximum of six hours for biology major.

301.

Planetary and Space Life Sciences - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, two hours laboratory per week. Designed for Interdisciplinary Studies EC-4 or Grades 4-8 degree programs for teacher certification, this concept-based course concentrates on Earth as a life-support system for its inhabitants and is taught from the perspective that the students are part of the living, changing Earth. This course may not be used to meet graduation requirements by a student majoring/minoring in the College of Sciences and Mathematics. Required lab fee and travel fee.

302.

Cancer Biology - Three semester hours, three hours lecture. Survey of topics relevant to the biology of cancer, including cancer epidemiology, viral causes of cancer, the genes and metabolic pathways behind cancer development, the role of DNA damage in cancer, events leading to metastasis, and methods of treating cancer, including the development of targeted therapies. Prerequisite: BIO 130, 131 or 133, or permission of the instructor.

303.

Pollution of the Aquatic Environment - Three semester hours, three hours lecture per week. An introduction to the impact of human activities on aquatic ecosystems, including cultural eutrophication, thermal pollution, impact of the nuisance invasive species, radioactive contamination, acid rain and toxic wastes. Prerequisites: BIO 131 and 133.

304.

Marine Biology - Three semester hours, three hours lecture per week. This course introduces all main aspects of marine environments, including properties of seawater, ocean currents, classification of marine environments, structure and functioning of aquatic communities, as well as the impact of the habitat destruction and nuisance invasive species on the biodiversity and productivity of marine ecosystems. Prerequisites: BIO 131 and 133.

308.

Pre-nursing Microbiology - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, four hours laboratory per week. Nursing majors will study the nature of microorganisms and their ability to interact with humans. Students also will learn current techniques used to identify, culture, and control microorganisms. Does not meet degree requirements for biology major. Prerequisites: one semester of biology and one semester of chemistry. Required lab fee. Prerequisites: BIO 238 and 239, and CHE 111 or 133.

309.

Microbiology - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, four hours lab per week. Morphology, physiology, genetics and classification of microorganisms, with relationship to man. Required lab fee. Prerequisites: BIO 130, 131, 133 and CHE 133.

312.

Mycology - Three semester hours, two hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Structure, classification and identification of fungi, including those of economic importance. Required lab fee. Prerequisites: BIO 131 and 133.

313.

General Ecology - Three semester hours, two hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Principles of ecology, with special reference to populations and their ecosystems, distribution, biotic communities and environmental relationships. Required field trips, travel fee and lab fee. Prerequisites: BIO 131, 133 and MTH 138.

327.

Human Physiology - Three semester hours, three hours lecture per week. Functions of the major systems of the body. Not open to students who have received credit for BIO 238. Prerequisites: BIO 130 and 133.

341.

Genetics - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. An introduction to modern genetic principles, including inheritance patterns, chromosomes structure and function, gene expression and regulation, DNA replication and repair, and the behavior of genes in populations. Required lab fee. Prerequisites: BIO 130, 131, 133; CHE 133, 134.

342.

Comparative Vertebrate Zoology (BIOL 2428) - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, six hours lab per week. Anatomical study of the vertebrates, with major emphasis on comparisons of organ systems. Vertebrate relationships, origins and adaptations. Representative forms in the laboratory. Prerequisite: BIO 133 or equivalent. Required lab fee.

343.

General Entomology - Three semester hours, two hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Basic principles of insect life. Anatomy, physiology, life cycles, classification, ecology and control methods. Required lab fee. Prerequisites: BIO 131 and 133, or permission of instructor.

345.

Vertebrate Embryology - Four semester hours, two hours lecture, six hours lab per week. Animal development. Laboratory studies of the frog, chick and pig embryos, with reference to human development. Prerequisite: BIO 342 (241). Required lab fee.

350.

Economic Botany - Three semester hours, three lecture hours per week. Fundamental concepts and processes involving plants. Examination of the diversity of plants and their role in the biosphere. The relationship and importance of plants to humans. Recommended for biology and non-biology majors.

351.

Plant Kingdom - Three semester hours, two hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Comparative study of organisms traditionally classified in the plant kingdom, including algae, bryophytes, ferns, and allies and seed plants. The course will highlight evolutionary trends in reproductive morphology and adaptations to a desiccating environment. Required lab fee. Prerequisite: BIO 131.

353.

Economic Entomology - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Study of destructive and beneficial insects. Emphasis on recognition and control. Required lab fee. Prerequisites: BIO 131, 133 or permission of the instructor.

370.

Evolution - Three semester hours, three hours lecture per week. Basic principles, mechanism and patterns of evolution, including a historical survey of related ideas. Prerequisite: BIO 341.

401.

Plant Anatomy - Three semester hours, two hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Study of plant cells, tissues, tissue systems and development of seed plant stems, roots and leaves. Required lab fee. Prerequisite: BIO 130 and 131, or permission of the instructor.

402.

Cellular Biology - Three semester hours, three hours lecture per week. Structure and function of eukaryotic cells. Topics include architecture of the cell and function of cellular components; the cytoskeleton; interactions between the cell and the extra cellular matrix; regulation of cell growth, differentiation and division; and mechanisms of cellular transport. Prerequisite: BIO 341.

403.

Terrestrial Plant Ecology - Three semester hours, three hours lecture per week. This course introduces students to basic ecological concepts from both the perspective of plant communities (synecology) and of populations or individual species (autecology). Additionally, the course introduces students to current vegetation sampling methodology and to the analysis of multivariate vegetation data. Required lab fee and travel fee. Prerequisites: BIO 130, 131 and 133.

404.

Plant Physiology - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Survey of the principal physiological processes of higher plants, including water relations, respiration, photosynthesis and mineral nutrition. Required lab fee. Prerequisites: BIO 130, 131 and CHE 133, 134.

407.

Behavioral Ecology - Three semester hours, three hours lecture per week. The study of how animal behaviors influence survival and reproduction of individuals in different ecological settings. The course will examine the ecological context in which behaviors evolve and will consist of lectures and class discussions of assigned readings of important behavioral studies. Prerequisite: BIO 313 or FOR 209.

408.

Pathogenic Bacteriology - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Basic survey of medically important bacteria. Includes mechanisms of pathogenesis, collection and transport of specimens, initial specimen processing, and identification of isolates by classical, automated and molecular techniques. Prerequisite: BIO 309. Required lab fee.

410.

Fundamentals of Immunology - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Basic survey of the immune system with focus on the human and mouse models. Covers the origin and differentiation of the hematopoietic system; antibody structure and function; and basic serologic techniques such as ELISA, fluorescence microscopy, agglutination, precipitation and gel diffusion. Prerequisites: BIO 309 and 341. Required lab fee.

411.

Phylogenetics - Three semester hours, three hours lecture per week. Examination of the methods used to reconstruct and evaluate the strength of evolutionary trees (phylogenies). The methods used to test evolutionary hypotheses using these evolutionary trees also will be examined. Additionally, the course will examine the logic and assumptions associated with each methodological approach. Outside readings and participation in class discussions will be required. Prerequisite: BIO 130, 131, 133, 341, 370 or permission of instructor.

412.

Field Biology - Six semester hours, five-week summer session. Quantitative studies of ecological communities. Analysis of biodiversity and ecological relationships through participation in field research projects. Possible topics include population, community ecosystem, and evolutionary and/or behavioral ecology. A maximum of six credits of 412 or 414 may be applied to the biology major. An additional six credits may be used toward advanced electives. Transportation expenses will be required. Lab fee required. Prerequisites: 18 hours of biology, biology major or minor, and permission of the instructor.

414.

Field Course in Applied Ecological Methods - Six semester hours, five-week summer session. Research projects will involve methods and instrumentation for documenting ecological patterns. Students will learn to collect and analyze data using the newest and/or most widely accepted tools available. A maximum of six credits of 412 or 414 may be applied to the biology major. An additional six credits may be used toward advanced electives. Transportation expenses will be required. Lab fee required. Prerequisite: 18 hours of biology, biology major or minor, and permission of the instructor.

415.

Principles of Electron Microscopy - Four semester hours, two hours lecture, six hours lab per week. Introduction to the biological applications of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Required lab fee. Prerequisites: Senior standing with a major or minor in the sciences and permission of the instructor.

420.

Virology - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Basic study of viruses with laboratory. Covers viral structure, genome organization, replication strategies and medical implications of infection. Laboratory includes bacteriophages, animal and plant viral propagation, basic tissue culture, PCR for viral detection, and fluorescence and electron microscopy for viral identification. Prerequisites: BIO 309 and 341. Required lab fee.

424.

Plant Pathology - Three semester hours, two hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Principles of plant pathology. Survey of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases of plants. Required lab fee. Prerequisites: BIO 131 and Junior or Senior standing (60 or more credit hours completed).

430.

Invertebrate Natural History - Three semester hours, two hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Animals without backbones. Laboratory emphasis on recognition. Brief treatment of insects and parasites. Prerequisites: BIO 131 and 133. Required lab fee.

431.

Molecular Biology - Three semester hours, three hours lecture per week. Structure, function and organization of DNA, DNA replication, transcription, and translation of RNA. Mechanisms of gene expression and regulation. Prerequisite: BIO 341.

433.

Ornithology - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Classification, distribution, ecology and evolution of birds. Emphasis on identification of local species in lab. Field trips, travel fee and lab fee required. Requires concurrent enrollment in lab. Prerequisite: BIO 133 or permission from the instructor.

435.

Plant Systematics - Three semester hours, two hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Diversity of plants, their identification, naming, classification and evolution. Required field trips, travel fee and lab fee. Prerequisite: BIO 131 and BIO 130 or 133.

436.

Mammalogy - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Classification, evolution, natural history and distribution of mammals. Emphasis on natural history and identification of regional species in lab. Field trips required. Requires outside readings and/or research projects. Travel fee and lab fee required. Requires concurrent enrollment in lab. Prerequisite: BIO 133 or permission of the instructor.

437.

Herpetology - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Classification, distribution, ecology and evolution of amphibians and reptiles. Emphasis on natural history and identification of regional species in lab. Field trips required. Requires outside readings, papers and/or research projects. Travel fee and lab fee required. Requires concurrent enrollment in lab. Prerequisite: BIO 133 or permission of instructor.

438.

Ichthyology - Three semester hours, two hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Classification, evolution, natural history and distribution of freshwater fishes. Required field trips. Prerequisite: BIO 133 or permission of the instructor. Required travel fee and lab fee.

439.

Parasitology - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Basic survey of parasites, primarily from the human pathogen perspective. Includes identification and pathogenesis of protozoan, nematode and cestode parasites. Coverage of taxonomic identification of preserved and fresh clinical samples in lab. Prerequisite: BIO 309. Required lab fee.

442.

Molecular Genetics of Human Disease - Three semester hours, three hours lecture per week. A detailed survey of genetic disease mechanisms involving case studies of specific genetic disorders. An examination of specific genes and the effects of mutations upon protein structure and chemistry, and upon the physiology of those affected. Prerequisite: BIO 341.

445.

Developmental Biology - Three semester hours, three hours lecture per week. Fundamental mechanisms of embryonic development. Molecular, cellular and tissue interactions that direct development of vertebrate and invertebrate embryos. Prerequisite BIO 342 (241).

449.

Histology - Four semester hours, two hours lecture, six hours lab per week. Microscopic structure of vertebrate tissues and cells, with consideration of their origin and their function in the adult body. Prerequisite: BIO 342 (241). Offered in fall only. Required lab fee.

450.

Limnology - Four semester hours, three hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Study of the biological, chemical and physical characteristics of the freshwater environment. Required field trips. Prerequisites: BIO 131 and 133. Required travel fee and lab fee.

470.

Seminar in Biology - One semester hour, one-hour lecture per week. For undergraduate credit only. Student participation in general and specific topics in biology; separate section for life sciences teacher certification. May be repeated once on a different topic for credit. Prerequisite: 20 hours in biology.

471.

Special Topics in Biology - Three semester hours, three hours lecture per week. For undergraduate credit only. Special studies in the biological sciences. May be repeated in a different topic. Prerequisite: four semesters of biology.

472.

Special Topics in Biology - Three semester hours, two hours lecture, three hours lab per week. Special studies in the biological sciences. May be repeated in a different topic. Prerequisite: four semesters of biology. Laboratory must be taken concurrently with the lecture.

475.

Special Problems - Three semester hours. For undergraduate credit only. Independent investigations by students guided through individual conferences with the professor willing to work with them. May be repeated for additional credit. Prerequisites: 18 hours of biology with minimum B average and approval of the department chair.